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The Big Mo
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Momentum is not only a physical principle; it is a psychological phenomenon. Students learn how the "Big Mo" of the bandwagon effect contributes to the development of fads and manias, and how modern technology and mass media accelerate and intensify the effect. Students develop media literacy and critical thinking skills to analyze trends and determine the extent to which their decisions may be influenced by those who manipulate a few opinion leaders. Note: The literacy activities for the Mechanics unit are based on physical themes that have broad application to our experience in the world concepts of rhythm, balance, spin, gravity, levity, inertia, momentum, friction, stress and tension.

Subject:
Applied Science
Engineering
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Lesson Plan
Provider:
TeachEngineering
Provider Set:
TeachEngineering
Author:
Denise Carlson
Jane Evenson
Malinda Schaefer Zarske
Date Added:
09/26/2008
The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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This course explores the causes, course, and consequences of the American Civil War, from the 1840s to 1877. The primary goal of the course is to understand the multiple meanings of a transforming event in American history. Those meanings may be defined in many ways: national, sectional, racial, constitutional, individual, social, intellectual, or moral. Four broad themes are closely examined: the crisis of union and disunion in an expanding republic; slavery, race, and emancipation as national problem, personal experience, and social process; the experience of modern, total war for individuals and society; and the political and social challenges of Reconstruction.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Material Type:
Assessment
Full Course
Lecture
Lecture Notes
Syllabus
Provider:
Yale University
Provider Set:
Open Yale Courses
Author:
David Blight
Date Added:
02/16/2011
Digital Media Literacy in English Language Arts
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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This resource provides a description and links to the original materials for a multi-day unit created by teacher-librarians at Highline Public Schools. The unit shows 9th grade students how to access, analyze, evaluate, and cite information sources.

Subject:
Electronic Technology
English Language Arts
Information Science
Material Type:
Unit of Study
Author:
Lesley James
Kim Meschter
Meghan Terwillegar
Kelli McSheehy
Date Added:
04/13/2022
Does Science Fiction Predict the Future? Inquiry Bases Media Literacy Unit
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Students will learn the potential costs and benefits of social media, digital consumption, and our relationship with technology as a society in the three-week lesson. This inquiry based unit of study will answer the following questions:

Essential Question: How can we use science fiction’s ability to predict the future to help humanity?

Supportive Questions 1: What predictions of future development has science fiction accurately made in the past? This can include technology, privacy, medicine, social justice, political, environmental, education, and economic.

Supportive Question 2: What predictions for future development in contemporary science fiction are positive for the future of humanity? What factors need to begin in your lifetime to make these predictions reality?

Supportive Question 3: What predictions for future development in contemporary science fiction are negative for the future of humanity? What factors need to begin in your lifetime to stop these negative outcomes?

Subject:
Education
Material Type:
Homework/Assignment
Lesson
Reading
Unit of Study
Author:
Morgen Larsen
Date Added:
07/13/2020
The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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A focus on novel, confirmatory, and statistically significant results leads to substantial bias in the scientific literature. One type of bias, known as “p-hacking,” occurs when researchers collect or select data or statistical analyses until nonsignificant results become significant. Here, we use text-mining to demonstrate that p-hacking is widespread throughout science. We then illustrate how one can test for p-hacking when performing a meta-analysis and show that, while p-hacking is probably common, its effect seems to be weak relative to the real effect sizes being measured. This result suggests that p-hacking probably does not drastically alter scientific consensuses drawn from meta-analyses.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Reading
Provider:
PLOS Biology
Author:
Andrew T. Kahn
Luke Holman
Megan L. Head
Michael D. Jennions
Rob Lanfear
Date Added:
08/07/2020
Fact or Fiction: Detecting Fake News on the World Wide Web
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Fake News on the WebThis unit showcases lessons about Fake News, how students can learn to recongnize legitimate news stories from the fake stuff, and why recognizing the truth on the internet is so important.

Subject:
Information Science
Journalism
Reading Informational Text
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Unit of Study
Author:
Karen Schlekeway
Date Added:
06/09/2020
Flows of Reading: Engaging With Texts
Read the Fine Print
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While common usage of the word, text, often refers to written or printed matter, literary and cultural theory extends the term to refer to any coherent set of symbols that transmit meaning to those who know how to read them. In an age where ideas may take many forms and be expressed across different media, texts and reading take on new implications.One goal of the Flows of Reading project is to inspire teachers and students to reflect on what can be considered as reading and what kinds of reading they perform in their everyday lives. Flows of Reading introduces an expanded concept of the term, text, and models a new type of readerĺ䁥ŕone who reads across different media and who understands reading as an activity of sharing, deconstructing, and making meaning.We have created a rich environment designed to encourage close critical engagement not only with Moby-Dick but a range of other texts, including the childrenĺ䁥_s picture book, Flotsam; Harry Potter; Hunger Games; and Lord of the Rings. We want to demonstrate that the bookĺ䁥_s approach can be applied to many different kinds of texts and may revitalize how we teach a diversity of forms of human expression.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Material Type:
Reading
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Provider:
OER Commons
Provider Set:
Common Core Reference Collection
Author:
Erin Reilly
Henry Jenkins
Ritesh Mehta
Date Added:
02/21/2013
Grade 4 ELA Module 4
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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In this module, students will read, write, and speak about the topic of voting rights and responsibilities. In the first two units, students will read informational texts that focus on the women’s suffrage movement and the leadership of New Yorker Susan B. Anthony. Specifically, they will read firsthand and secondhand accounts of her arrest and trial for voting in a time when women were outlawed from doing so. Students then read The Hope Chest by Karen Schwabach, a historical fiction novel set in the weeks leading up to the passage of the 19th Amendment. They will continue to examine the idea of leaders of change and explore the theme “making a difference” by collecting evidence on how selected characters make a difference for others. After completing the novel, students will analyze this theme in selected passages of the novel and write an essay

Find the rest of the EngageNY ELA resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-ela-archive .

Subject:
English Language Arts
Reading Informational Text
Material Type:
Module
Provider:
New York State Education Department
Provider Set:
EngageNY
Date Added:
05/09/2013
Iowa 8th grade Science Bundles – Open Textbook
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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The University of Iowa Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research and College of Education teamed up to develop free eighth grade science curricula on land use and climate science, in response to Iowa’s grade level alignment of the middle school Next Generation Science Standards.

Primary author Dr. Ted Neal, clinical associate professor of science education, led a team of graduate and pre-service teaching students and CGRER scientists to develop the material. They grouped standards, resources and lesson material into six bundles, each designed to engage Iowa’s middle schoolers with local data and information on relevant topics like athletic concussions and agriculture.

These lessons are built on NGSS principles and put learning in the students’ hands with hands-on activities for groups and individuals. Kids will have ample opportunity to get curious, generate questions and lead themselves to answers.

Subject:
Anthropology
Applied Science
Astronomy
Chemistry
Environmental Science
Geology
Physical Geography
Physical Science
Social Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Primary Source
Textbook
Author:
Ted Neal
Date Added:
10/31/2018
Let's Get Social: Analyzing Social Media Platforms
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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This unit engages students in a variety of activities that analyze and reflect on the role of social media in our everyday lives. This includes options for collaborative group work, reading nonfiction articles, a design challenge and presentations to communicate ideas. The unit also includes a formal writing assessment option that aligns with the Common Core State Writing Standards. Activities can be adapted or combined in a variety of ways to support student reflection and analysis. These lessons were piloted in 9th grade English classes but are suitable or a range of secondary students. 

Subject:
Communication
Composition and Rhetoric
Reading Informational Text
Speaking and Listening
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Assessment
Homework/Assignment
Lesson
Unit of Study
Author:
Shana Ferguson
Date Added:
02/08/2021
The Online Macromolecular Museum
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The Online Macromolecular Museum (OMM) is a site for the display and study of macromolecules. Macromolecular structures, as discovered by crystallographic or NMR methods, are scientific objects in much the same sense as fossil bones or dried specimens: they can be archived, studied, and displayed in aesthetically pleasing, educational exhibits. Hence, a museum seems an appropriate designation for the collection of displays that we are assembling. The OMM's exhibits are interactive tutorials on individual molecules in which hypertextual explanations of important biochemical features are linked to illustrative renderings of the molecule at hand.

Why devote a site to detailed visualizations of different macromolecules? In learning about the intricacies of life processes at the molecular level, it is important to understand how natural selection has fashioned the structure and chemistry of macromolecular machines to suit them for particular functions. This understanding is greatly facilitated by the visualization of 3-dimensional structure, when known. So, if static views of molecules (even in stereo) are worth a thousand words, then interactive animations of molecules should be worth much more. Indeed, we have found the types of displays represented here invaluable in gaining an appreciation for the details of key biochemical processes.

As Carl Brandon and John Tooze stated in their classic text, Introduction to Protein Structure:
"Molecular biology began some 40 years ago with the realization that structure was crucial for a proper understanding of function. Paradoxically, the dazzling achievements of molecular genetics and biochemistry led to the eclipse of structural studies. We believe the wheel has now come full circle, and those very achievements have increased the need for structural analysis at the same time that they have provided the means for it."

It is our opinion that structural analysis should extend into the classroom: as students learn about cellular mechanisms it is important that they study the chemistry of the molecular machines involved. These considerations have motivated the construction of the OMM.

The OMM is part of a collaborative effort by faculty and students interested in macromolecular structure-function relationships. The primary authors of some tutorials are students of David Marcey and he serves as author, co-author and site editor, and assumes all responsibility for content. Any criticisms, suggestions, comments, or questions should be sent to him at: marcey@callutheran.edu. All tutorials are copyrighted.

The OMM was started in 1996 for a Molecular Biology class at Kenyon College, where DM was a professor in the Biology Department (1990-1999). The OMM is now developed and housed at California Lutheran University, where DM has been a professor since 1999.

Subject:
Chemistry
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Diagram/Illustration
Homework/Assignment
Interactive
Lesson
Author:
David Marcey
Date Added:
09/28/2017
The Programming Historian 2: Keywords in Context (Using n-grams)
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Like in Output Data as HTML File, this lesson takes the frequency pairs collected in Counting Frequencies and outputs them in HTML. This time the focus is on keywords in context (KWIC) which creates n-grams from the original document content – in this case a trial transcript from the Old Bailey Online. You can use your program to select a keyword and the computer will output all instances of that keyword, along with the words to the left and right of it, making it easy to see at a glance how the keyword is used.

Once the KWICs have been created, they are then wrapped in HTML and sent to the browser where they can be viewed. This reinforces what was learned in Output Data as HTML File, opting for a slightly different output.

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to extract all possible n-grams from the text. In the next lesson, you will be learn how to output all of the n-grams of a given keyword in a document downloaded from the Internet, and display them clearly in your browser window.

Subject:
Applied Science
Computer Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Provider:
Center for History and New Media
Author:
William J. Turkel and Adam Crymble
Date Added:
06/16/2015
RStudio Cheatsheets
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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RStudio Cheatsheets

The cheatsheets below make it easy to use some of our favorite packages. Cheatsheets include the following topics:

Python with R and Reticulate Cheatsheet
The reticulate package provides a comprehensive set of tools for interoperability between Python and R. With reticulate, you can call Python from R in a variety of ways including importing Python modules into R scripts, writing R Markdown Python chunks, sourcing Python scripts, and using Python interactively within the RStudio IDE. This cheatsheet will remind you how.

Factors with forcats Cheatsheet
Factors are R’s data structure for categorical data. The forcats package makes it easy to work with factors. This cheatsheet reminds you how to make factors, reorder their levels, recode their values, and more.

Tidy Evaluation with rlang Cheatsheet
Tidy Evaluation (Tidy Eval) is a framework for doing non-standard evaluation in R that makes it easier to program with tidyverse functions. Non-standard evaluation, better thought of as “delayed evaluation,” lets you capture a user’s R code to run later in a new environment or against a new data frame. The tidy evaluation framework is implemented by the rlang package and used by functions throughout the tidyverse.

Deep Learning with Keras Cheatsheet
Keras is a high-level neural networks API developed with a focus on enabling fast experimentation. Keras supports both convolution based networks and recurrent networks (as well as combinations of the two), runs seamlessly on both CPU and GPU devices, and is capable of running on top of multiple back-ends including TensorFlow, CNTK, and Theano.

Dates and Times Cheatsheet
Lubridate makes it easier to work with dates and times in R. This lubridate cheatsheet covers how to round dates, work with time zones, extract elements of a date or time, parse dates into R and more. The back of the cheatsheet describes lubridate’s three timespan classes: periods, durations, and intervals; and explains how to do math with date-times.

Work with Strings Cheatsheet
The stringr package provides an easy to use toolkit for working with strings, i.e. character data, in R. This cheatsheet guides you through stringr’s functions for manipulating strings. The back page provides a concise reference to regular expresssions, a mini-language for describing, finding, and matching patterns in strings.

Apply Functions Cheatsheet
The purrr package makes it easy to work with lists and functions. This cheatsheet will remind you how to manipulate lists with purrr as well as how to apply functions iteratively to each element of a list or vector. The back of the cheatsheet explains how to work with list-columns. With list columns, you can use a simple data frame to organize any collection of objects in R.

Data Import Cheatsheet
The Data Import cheatsheet reminds you how to read in flat files with http://readr.tidyverse.org/, work with the results as tibbles, and reshape messy data with tidyr. Use tidyr to reshape your tables into tidy data, the data format that works the most seamlessly with R and the tidyverse.

Data Transformation Cheatsheet
dplyr provides a grammar for manipulating tables in R. This cheatsheet will guide you through the grammar, reminding you how to select, filter, arrange, mutate, summarise, group, and join data frames and tibbles.

Sparklyr Cheatsheet
Sparklyr provides an R interface to Apache Spark, a fast and general engine for processing Big Data. With sparklyr, you can connect to a local or remote Spark session, use dplyr to manipulate data in Spark, and run Spark’s built in machine learning algorithms.

R Markdown Cheatsheet
R Markdown is an authoring format that makes it easy to write reusable reports with R. You combine your R code with narration written in markdown (an easy-to-write plain text format) and then export the results as an html, pdf, or Word file. You can even use R Markdown to build interactive documents and slideshows.

RStudio IDE Cheatsheet
The RStudio IDE is the most popular integrated development environment for R. Do you want to write, run, and debug your own R code? Work collaboratively on R projects with version control? Build packages or create documents and apps? No matter what you do with R, the RStudio IDE can help you do it faster. This cheatsheet will guide you through the most useful features of the IDE, as well as the long list of keyboard shortcuts built into the RStudio IDE.

Shiny Cheatsheet
If you’re ready to build interactive web apps with R, say hello to Shiny. This cheatsheet provides a tour of the Shiny package and explains how to build and customize an interactive app. Be sure to follow the links on the sheet for even more information.

Data Visualization Cheatsheet
The ggplot2 package lets you make beautiful and customizable plots of your data. It implements the grammar of graphics, an easy to use system for building plots. See docs.ggplot2.org for detailed examples.

Package Development Cheatsheet
The devtools package makes it easy to build your own R packages, and packages make it easy to share your R code. Supplement this cheatsheet with r-pkgs.had.co.nz, Hadley’s book on package development.

Subject:
Applied Science
Life Science
Physical Science
Social Science
Material Type:
Student Guide
Provider:
RStudio
Author:
RStudio
Date Added:
08/07/2020
Reading Anthology: Three Levels
Read the Fine Print
Educational Use
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This reading anthology is a curated collection of openly licensed full-text essays and stories on a variety of subjects, designed to be used for discussions and writing assignments. The anthology is organized according to three levels of reading difficulty, but instructors can easily mix and match reading selections.

Subject:
Composition and Rhetoric
English Language Arts
Material Type:
Reading
Provider:
Lumen Learning
Author:
SUNY
Date Added:
12/13/2022
Stream Gages and GIS
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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Utilize the online GIS of the USGS real-time stream gage network to introduce basic concepts of data-driven maps and GIS. This exercise can be used independently or with other hydrology exercises.

(Note: this resource was added to OER Commons as part of a batch upload of over 2,200 records. If you notice an issue with the quality of the metadata, please let us know by using the 'report' button and we will flag it for consideration.)

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Geoscience
Life Science
Physical Science
Technology
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Provider:
Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College
Provider Set:
Teach the Earth
Author:
Brian Welch
Date Added:
09/22/2022
Victorian Poetry and Fiction
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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This collection of Victorian Poetry and Fiction on the Great Writers Inspire site includes a selection of writers we feel to be particularly inspiring in an age dominated by authors and literature. It includes audio and video lectures and short talks, downloadable electronic texts and eBooks, and background contextual resources curated by specialists at the University of Oxford. This landing page allows users to explore topics such as The Victorian Gothic, Victorian Publishing History, Literature and Religion as well as majors authors.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Literature
Material Type:
Primary Source
Reading
Provider:
University of Oxford
Author:
Charlotte Barrett
Date Added:
06/20/2019
Virginia - Fourth: Smoothie Challenge
Only Sharing Permitted
CC BY-NC-ND
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In this engaging unit, students will design and plant a square-foot garden that will be their central tool. Through the growing season, they will explore nutrition content in their everyday lives and see how it relates to what they are growing.

Subject:
English Language Arts
Life Science
Mathematics
Nutrition
Physical Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Author:
Sarah Compher
Date Added:
01/27/2023
What Does Text Complexity Mean for English Learners and Language Minority Students?
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Some Rights Reserved
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This paper addresses the implications, for ELLs, of the new standard's requirement that students be able to read and understand complex, informationally dense texts. The authors discuss the types of supports that learners need in order to work with complex texts. They also provide a sample of what academic discourse involves, using an excerpt from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail. They demonstrate how English learners can be provided with strategies for accessing complex texts, such as closely examining one sentence at a time. The authors argue that instruction must go beyond vocabulary and should begin with an examination of our beliefs about language, literacy and learning.

Subject:
Arts and Humanities
Education
English Language Arts
Language Education (ESL)
Reading Informational Text
Material Type:
Reading
Teaching/Learning Strategy
Provider:
Stanford University School of Education
Provider Set:
Understanding Language
Author:
Charles j. Fillmore
Lily Wong Fillmore
Date Added:
05/02/2012
A grammar of Palula
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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This grammar provides a grammatical description of Palula, an Indo-Aryan language of the Shina group. The language is spoken by about 10,000 people in the Chitral district in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. This is the first extensive description of the formerly little-documented Palula language, and is one of only a few in-depth studies available for languages in the extremely multilingual Hindukush-Karakoram region. The grammar is based on original fieldwork data, collected over the course of about ten years, commencing in 1998. It is primarily in the form of recorded, mainly narrative, texts, but supplemented by targeted elicitation as well as notes of observed language use. All fieldwork was conducted in close collaboration with the Palula-speaking community, and a number of native speakers took active part in the process of data gathering, annotation and data management. The main areas covered are phonology, morphology and syntax, illustrated with a large number of example items and utterances, but also a few selected lexical topics of some prominence have received a more detailed treatment as part of the morphosyntactic structure. Suggestions for further research that should be undertaken are given throughout the grammar. The approach is theory-informed rather than theory-driven, but an underlying functional-typological framework is assumed. Diachronic development is taken into account, particularly in the area of morphology, and comparisons with other languages and references to areal phenomena are included insofar as they are motivated and available. The description also provides a brief introduction to the speaker community and their immediate environment.

Subject:
Linguistics
Social Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Language Science Press
Author:
Henrik Liljegren
Date Added:
07/03/2019